Theorem 1. In a uniform juggle with dwell time $D$, vacant time $V$, flight time $F$ then $$\frac{F+D}{V+D}=\frac{B}{H},$$ where $B$ is the number of balls and $H$ the number of hands.
Scientific Aspects of Juggling.
In Claude Elwood Shannon: Collected Papers. Edited by N.J.A. Sloane and A. D. Wyner. IEEE Press, 1993.